Thanks everyone for your replies. I just bought this book called Recovering From Sexual Abuse, Addictions, And Compulsive Behaviors: “Numb” Survivors, by Sandra L. Knauer; I think that it will have a lot of answers into personality disorders.
I was a victim of CSA, but I'm not HPD. I do have a few NPD traits, but not the disorder itself. The book talks about addictive behaviors developed as a way to numb the pain, allowing one to focus on something other than the empty feeling brought on by emotional complications from earlier childhood abuse that the child did not know how to deal with, and later as an adult manifests as entrenched cycles of shame, compulsion, and acting out in the addictive behavior.
I recognize that I do have some compulsive, addictive behaviors that I need to address because of earlier CSA. It's a defense mechanism for fighting anything that is uncomfortable that I don't want to think about and face. I do this by trying to replace the not so helpful behaviors with positive behaviors, such as exercise and running, which has a cathartic effect on painful feelings. It's a constant battle not to slip into the old, familiar, comforting negative behaviors when I am feeling overwhelmed or stressed out.
I used to think that the CSA I suffered from was a recurring dream that I kept having when I was a young teenager. I then spoke to my mom about it, and she confirmed for me that it did indeed happen to me. Those images of what happened are still clear to me; it happened when I was 6 or 7, and I'm now approaching my 40's. You never forget.
Inappropriate and unhealthy sexual things that happen to people, involuntary or not, change the brain in strange ways. Dr. Judith Reisman says that viewing pornography restructures the brain. I believe that CSA does the same thing, maybe with even greater consequences because the body is experiencing it, not just the eyes.
Her paper about this can be found here:
The Psychopharmacology of Pictorial Pornography Restructuring Brain, Mind & Memory & Subverting Freedom of Speech
http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:KtR ... =firefox-a
www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/brain.pdf
Recovering From Sexual Abuse, Addictions, And Compulsive Behaviors: “Numb” Survivors, by Sandra L. Knauer (Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (February 6, 2002)
P. 27
An interesting statistic indicates that over 80 percent of those who have addictions were sexually abused. This high correlation between addictions and sexual abuse indicates the degree of harmfulness of sexual abuse and incest and the lengths that these victims will go to try to deaden the pain of their abuse.
Pg. 7
Some survivors of sexual abuse are in so much pain that they cannot deal with their abuse in an open way.
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Pgs. 8, 9
Anesthesia is the term I use to describe the means by which the survivor of sexual abuse is able to deal with the emotional and sometimes physical pain of the abuse and still function on a day-to-day basis. It takes an enormous amount of energy to withhold the feelings of rage and helplessness that result from sexual abuse. Anesthesia can take many forms. Different survivors resort to different behaviors to relieve the pain of the abuse. All forms of anesthesia have one aspect in common: whenever the survivor is engaging in the behavior, he or she is so enthralled by the anesthesia that he or she is in a state quite similar to the trance state that is induced during hypnosis.
The purpose of the anesthesia is to take the focus off the pain of the abuse. The messages that the survivor receives from sexual abuse are complex and hurtful. Sexual abuse is a complete violation of a person’s boundaries. Nothing is more sacred than our bodies. To be sexually abused sends the survivor the message that one’s body is not one’s own, that sexual services are all that are of value in the victim, and that the victim’s feelings do not matter at all to the perpetrator. No wonder survivors need to resort to compulsive behaviors and addictions to numb their emotional pain. Sexual abuse grooms the victim for later adult dysfunction.
To survive the pain of sexual abuse, some survivors become experts at dissociation. Dissociation is the ability to compartmentalize experiences in such a way that survivors may not consciously be aware of specific memories and events that they have experienced. Dissociation is the ability to function in the here and now while not having to deal with past traumatic and painful experiences. At some level, a part of the survivor knows and remembers the abuse. The part of the survivor that must function in the present is spared from having to integrate the trauma of the abuse into present day-to-day functioning.
Not all survivors have the fortune, or perhaps the misfortune, of being able to dissociate. For most survivors, dissociation is not an option. These survivors must find another way to take the focus off their pain.
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Pgs. 9, 10
The ways that survivors are able to numb the pain of their abuse are as numerous as the ways that they may have been abused. One common way that survivors numb themselves involves what is known as the trance state. By definition, the trance state involves the “looping” of thoughts so that persons are so totally involved in whatever is causing the trance state that they are unaware of other things that may be happening around them.
The need for anesthesia seems to be especially linked to survivors of sexual abuse. The anesthesia can take many forms. Perhaps the best known form of anesthesia is alcohol, although alcohol is not the only form of anesthesia that is currently widely used.
Drugs are very popular in the adolescent groups that I facilitate. Marijuana, crack cocaine, and heroin are the most commonly abused drugs at the present time in these groups. Eating disorders are also closely tied to sexual abuse. Younger adolescent survivors seem to have a higher proportion of anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Older survivors seem to suffer most often from binge eating disorder or compulsive overeating. Survivors are at a very high risk of developing addictions whenever they begin to abuse a substance. When the survivor’s substance abuse begins it may well be the very first time that he or she has been able to block out the emotional pain of sexual abuse.
Survivors may not only abuse substances. They may also develop compulsive behaviors that may deaden the emotional pain of the sexual abuse. The most commonly used compulsive behaviors include compulsive gambling, compulsive spending, compulsive television watching or video-game playing, compulsive overeating, and countless other possible compulsive behaviors.
Whatever addiction or compulsive behavior the survivor employs, the intention is always the same: to deaden the emotional pain of sexual abuse. Are survivors consciously aware that they are attempting to deaden the pain of abuse? I believe that most of the attempts to deaden the pain occur on an unconscious level. The survivor is only aware that it feels good not to think about the abuse for just a little while. The more successful the survivor is in using a certain tactic to deaden the pain, the more apt the survivor is to develop an addiction to that tactic.
Pg. 24
Kristie, a fifteen year-old survivor, summed up what this book is intended to be all about. Kristie looked me in the eye and said,
Sometimes we get loud and laugh because we are tired of feeling depressed and sad. For just a little while we want to forget and laugh. If we act different or talk about stuff that seems as if we don't care about what has happened to us it's only because we want or need to get our minds off of what has happened. It's like just for a little while you can focus on something else or do something else that makes us not feel what has happened to us and how much it has hurt us.
P. 25
When we hurt, we will do whatever it takes to keep from feeling the pain until we are ultimately able to endure and deal with what has hurt us.
The real basis of addictive or compulsive behaviors is our alienation from our innermost feelings and thoughts. If we are shame based and feel that we are "worth less" than others, we many engage in addictive or compulsive behaviors as a way to decrease the amount of discomfort we feel. As we use more of the abused substance or compulsive behavior we feel greater shame, which leads to increased use; so the cycle continues.