
I am starting to read a great new book I got in Boston by Richard Schwartz and Robert Falconer called "Many Minds, One Self: Evidence for a radical shift in Paradigm". It's about how and why this concept of "Unitary Mind" came about and how through out history and cultures around the world, "Multiplicity" was the norm and viewed as healthy and "Normal". The authors are not saying everyone has DID, but rather that the concept of a "Unitary Mind" as in a single part of personality in western culture is even a newer one and to be "Multiple" is not only "normal" it's "healthy" and is this way by default. "Multiplicity" is not Pathological. Compartmentalizing and being unaware of other parts however is like in DID. They even go on further to show throughout history how many great thinkers were very open about their parts who had fully developed personalities. And also is a product in Human evolution that we are.
Psychologically speaking the authors do agree with much that Pierre Janet stated about what is now called DID, however they disagree that it is a mental illness to be "Multiple". Carl Jung and William James as well as many others felt that "Multiplicity" is a normal and healthy part of being Human and not a disorder on it's own. That Trauma however does cause polarization as well as isolation of our parts and that is the cause of suffering.
From the very title of the book, they make it very clear that EVERYONE is "Multiple" by very Nature and is not some obscure or rare mental illness like DID.
They make some very good arguments and use many examples in history as well as cultures that are hard to argue with. They go into the history of Western culture and when the concepts of a "Unitary Mind" began and why. Most of which were for Political or Religious reasons. An example is that during the Dark and Middle Ages, signs of it were considered "Possession" by the Devil or Demons and would get you burned at the stake if it wasn't determined to be "The Holy Ghost" that was possessing someone. It was actually a Catholic Nun in the 1500's who first proposed that it could be caused by a medical condition instead which saved her fellow nuns from such a fate that turned it into a "Mental Disorder".
Now I hope I don't offend anyone here by this. I know there has been at least one poster who resented that "Everyone is Multiple" instead of us exclusively holding this "Odd" condition. Again I must make very clear that I and the authors are not suggesting by any means that everyone has "DID".
However what if everyone is "Multiple" and this concept of "Normal" people only having a "Single Personality" is in fact false? The ramifications are HUGE! Spiritually, psychologically, biologically, emotionally, and so on.
Now some may ask themselves, "Why on Earth would anyone want to make this case so strongly? What motive do they have to stick their neck out like that professionally?"
I don't think it's financial gains considering how controversial this topic is. Very few are even willing to admit that DID is valid let alone commit to the vast amount of study and dedication that is required to help those like us here. Historically, It's a death nail in a professional's career to go there.
Knowing a bit about the Author of "Internal Family Systems" (IFS) Richard Schwartz and meeting him several times in person and studying his work, I truly believe it's for humanitarian reasons that he is sticking his neck out like this.
The reason I say this is because of the ramifications that it holds that they are strongly stating this.
Consider this...The authors have discovered on their own as well as discovering it throughout history that Everyone has another part of themselves that is NOT a "Part" but is what they call the "Self" and that that is our "Psyche" or "Soul" and has the ability to be Compassionate, Curious, Calm, Confident, Courageous, Creative, and Connected as the default state, then from such a state of mind or being not only can we all heal from within, but also are much better Human Beings as a whole as well. It's basically "Mindfulness" combined with Compassion. It's active rather than passive.
Sadly in Western culture, Science and Spirituality have been at polar opposites officially and so has been a taboo subject for many years and seen as unprofessional to mix the two as ridiculous as that sounds to me. I mean I saw this even last month in Boston when Respected Neurologists in the field of Trauma tip toed around the mechanics underlying "consciousness" but were very nervous about discussing it for it by very nature got into spiritual realms. Even though "Psychology" is the study of the "Psyche" aka "Soul" or "Self" (with a capital "S"), to openly discuss the matter is taboo.
Historically they point out that even having one "Soul" isn't even traditional depending on the culture. Some cultures like the Dakota Sioux they say believed in as many as 4 souls while others only 2 or 3.
"Possession" is also an aspect of this topic and not by chance either. As "Crazy" as it may sound, even today it's a welcomed practice in other parts of the world and even here in the United States. It's considered a "Blessing" to be "Possessed" by the "Holy Spirit" in Christianity and is not considered a pathology at all and many people convert to a religion as a result of it.
I find this to be very fascinating on so many levels.
For one, my parts really like being validated and not be made out to be some fabrication caused by childhood trauma. They also seem to understand that while it's considered healthy to be multiple, that the trauma we have been through has caused encapsulation of them and that they need to meet the others and all work together for us as a whole to be healthy and recover. That there is no fear of being rid of in the guise of recovery.
Another aspect I can relate to is that from my research that this concept of a "Self" who is not a "personality" is within all of us and is the key to recovery and is not external. That by tapping into it not only can I heal my parts, but is also the best place to lead a healthy life from instead of the parts who don't wish to have the burden of running the show.
And perhaps one other thing that I find calming is the notion that everyone is Multiple as well and I'm not the freak that the system has me painted as in this society. Instead of fearing my parts, I am now very curious and compassionate towards them as well as my inner worlds. That Socrates was correct, that within us we all have the answers if we simply seek within. He himself was open about a part he called his "Daiman" that was his personal Oracle of wisdom.
I tend to be a William Jamesian in the way of believing that "Experience trumps theory". Meaning that if a concept or theory doesn't match my personal experiences, I tend to not give it much credence. Not to say that it has to. But I use this as a rule of thumb personally. I have never given birth to a child (I'm a male), but I fully understand that others still do and is valid and real.

But when it comes to complex theories and concepts such as these, I always check my internal compass or "Viscera" to see if it's a match.
An example is this very topic. While Freud at first came to the same conclusions as Pierre Janet and William James about the connections between early childhood Trauma and Dissociation, he recanted that soon afterwards and came up with that ridiculous crap about the "Oedipal Complex" to replace it and that childhood sexual abuse was all fabricated and false memories just to get attention. How many still buy that crap even today is terrifying!
Pierre Janet's "Structural Dissociation" model that was spot on but dismissed due to Freud's cowardice and fear of reprisal by the powerful men who were paying for him to treat their daughter's who mostly were their victims did a huge disservice to humanity and is why was buried for so many years until relatively recently.
But although I fully agree with much of Janet's work, I also agree more with William James and Carl Jung who didn't feel "Multiplicity" was a Pathology by it's self, but rather was an innate and healthy aspect of being Human. It's what happens to our parts by trauma that is the issue not the having them that is.
One other thing I find fascinating is that so many of the break throughs in how the human mind is being discovered to work at a very core level is a direct product of studying DID. The very field of "Psychiatry" is at it's very roots based upon DID "Hysterics" in the 1800's. It was a famous women and case of "Anna O." who herself had DID in the 1880's and was the inventor of "Talk Therapy" as well as many other Humanitarian contributions to mankind in the 20th Century as well.
On page 36 of the book they write something I find of interest...
"When earlier theorists studied the psyches of trauma patients, they discovered their multiplicity. This was in part because from the IFS perspective, while trauma doesn't create parts, it can have the effect of making each part more extreme and separate from other parts, thereby making them more apparent to the client and the therapist. As Nietzsche had observed years before, "The value of all morbid conditions is that they show us in a magnifying glass certain conditions that are normal, but as normal are hardly visible." (1968, p. 47)."
So far in this journey with all of this "Multiplicity" stuffumz, is that is that it's becoming increasingly clear to others as well as myself that the very model of reality between "Singularity" versus "Multiplicity" radically dictates our behaviors regarding this subject matter recovery from trauma.
If on one hand a "Singular Mind" is the believed, then "Mindfulness" in the shallow Pop Cultural view is correct and that these "Thoughts' that pop in and out of our heads at any given moment are just worthless "Noise" as it's perceived, and the act of just viewing them as such and allowing them to emerge and then drop away makes perfect sense.
However, on the other hand if "Multiplicity" is in fact the actual way the human mind operates, then the very same would be considered unhealthy and problematic as it would be to treat another person in such a dismissive way which has been shown to make matters worse not better. This seems to be the prevailing experience of those who are making great strides in the treatment of trauma.
Due to the increasingly popular fad of "Mindfulness" in it's bastardized current forms, it's becoming increasingly discussed about the crucial differences in how it is to be practiced with regards to treatment of trauma by the worlds leaders. By this I am specifically referring to "Mindfulness" without Compassion. Although I am still quite ignorant on the deeper matters of "Mindfulness" in a traditional way, my gut tells me that "Mindfulness" was never intended to be practiced without Compassion.
Onno Van der Hart mentions this in a recent interview about treating Trauma and Dissociation with Bessel van der Kolk. Many others have also come to this understanding as well such as Richard Schwartz who is the co author of this book. "Mindfulness" combined with Compassion is the key to it's truly being effective. Sure, clinically sterile and devoid of humanity "Mindfulness" as it's being practiced these days, does activate the frontal lobes and does have some usefulness in and of it's self. However if combined with Compassion and empathy as I am quite sure the Buddha intended it to be, for that is at the very core of his teachings, it elevates it to a much higher level and effectiveness at least regarding recovery from trauma and especially relational trauma such as ours.
It's not enough to simply "Observe with curiosity and without judgement" the thoughts and feelings that may come and go and ignore them to be dismissed as simply "Mind Noise", It's crucial to engage in dialogue with these parts and view them as just as valid and important as you would anyone else that we cared deeply about. It's about trying to be in this "Self" who has the compassionate and caring qualities to engage in those parts so that they can be healed. It's secure attachment from within. It's If I recall it's not considered healthy to "Dissociate" from our parts by being dismissive under the guise of being "Mindful" and detached from them. To consider parts of our selves that are vital and important simply as "Noise" to be ignored "Without judgement" perhaps with a dash of curiosity seems to fly in the face of wisdom. And my parts say is Very Rude!
I have much work to do on that subject! I stayed up all night writing this and ignored the part of me that insisted I don't as well as Cody who hates it when I bash "mindfulness" in it's popular form for he is a real people pleaser and doesn't like to upset anyone.
But the part of me who really needed to express himself has also been neglected much lately and so I did want to acknowledge him in this post.
To wrap it up I feel I did a relatively decent job in expressing the outcomes of the two paradigms of "Singularity" versus "Multiplicity". This forum is perhaps preaching to the quire. But even here, I wouldn't be shocked to hear some grumblings from parts which is fully understandable.

This "Evidence for a Radical Shift in Paradigms" has very dramatic outcomes once fully digested. One of which is that being "Multiple" is not in or of it's self a Pathological Illness.
Thanks for the Time
Lumps