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Effective Treatment of HPD?

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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby TatteredKnight » Wed Jun 09, 2010 3:12 am

wisdom wrote:TatteredKnight – very much appreciate your comments and prospective! Would very much love to know much more detail on the $#%^ tests. “Learning about $#%^ tests, understanding them, and passing them instead of failing them.” How about some specific examples of $#%^ tests? Even the name itself, “$#%^ test,” certainly speaks volumes on how they must be exceptionally trying to the uninitiated! Also, how about some details on how do you pass a “$#%^ test”? Any great writes ups from past posts? Please spill!

Welcome! :) There seem to be a couple of different, albeit similar, things that people mean when they say '$#%^ test'. The first is the general type that all women use. This is her testing her partner's strength, and to pass it you merely have to be able to rise above her teasing or pettiness:
David Deida wrote:So she will test you. She might not be fully conscious of why she is doing it, but she will poke your weak spots, especially in moments of your superficial success, in order to feel your strength. If you collapse, you've flunked the test. You have let your woman deflate you. You have demonstrated your dependence on her for external validation. Even if you just made a million dollars, you are a weak man. Your woman cannot trust you fully.

If you remain full and strong, humorous and happy, your truth unperturbed by her testing, then you pass the test.
-The Way of the Superior Man (Ch. 15, Stop Hoping for Your Woman to Get Easier)

The more serious type of $#%^ test is what we often see in this forum. She will deliberately cross one of your boundaries, to see if you are strong enough to defend it. This is no different to when a wolf takes a nip at the leader of their pack - they aren't making a challenge for supremacy, quite, but they're testing for weakness. If the alpha wolf lets them get away with it, then pretty soon there will be bloodshed.
TK wrote:She will test you, constantly, to see if she can control you. Don't let her push you or manipulate you. She'll yell and scream when you stop jumping on her command. She will push every button she can find to try and get you back under control. She will rage at you. Always stop and think it through. Don't be afraid to apologise if you were in the wrong, but never just assume you were, and never apologise when you were in the right. If you were and it's just another shit-test, tell her directly "your anger is your problem, not mine" and give her some space to get over it. She'll rage even harder when you say this - that's part of the test. If she can intimidate you, you fail, and she loses respect for you. If she can't, even if the night ends on her stomping off to the spare room yelling "I'm never speaking to you again" over some ridiculous thing, you pass. Her respect for you goes up, she feels safer and more committed in the relationship, and believe it or not she finds you more attractive.

Examples from a post on another forum:
http://www.nomoremrniceguy.com/forums/showpost.php?p=263362&postcount=37 wrote:The second part was learning to pass $#%^ tests and properly enforce boundaries. Every time you fail a $#%^ test, she respects you less and she feels less secure in your ability to protect and support her (and she starts shit-testing more because she's insecure). Every time you pass a $#%^ test, she feels more secure. The way this term is used varies a lot, but to me, a $#%^ test is where she deliberately tries to cross one of your boundaries to see whether she can get away with it. What makes it hard is that during a $#%^ test, she will deny, blame, blameshift, guilt, project, misdirect... use every emotionally abusive and manipulative weapon in her arsenal against you to try and 'beat' you.

(Edit: This is just my clumsy description of it. I'm just reading the chapter named 'Stop Hoping For Your Woman To Get Easier', in The Way of the Superior Man by Deida, and he describes it better than I can.)

$#%^ test: She insults or emasculates you (bonus points if in front of friends).
To pass: Call her on it. "I'm not going to take that $#%^ from you."
To fail: Let it slide. Congratulations, she now knows it's OK to treat you like that.

$#%^ test: She starts an argument and tries to make it your fault.
To pass: You stand your ground, calmly explain it's not your fault, if necessary your 'I will not be abused by my partner' boundary kicks in and you leave the room until she runs out of steam.
To fail: You apologise and supplicate yourself.

$#%^ test: She starts spending one-on-one time with a guy who's attracted to her.
To pass: Tell her that you won't accept her having 'suitors' and that if she doesn't cut contact with him, she's out on her ass. You will not settle for half of a girlfriend/wife.
To fail: Accept her $#%^ about 'we're just friends', 'you have trust issues', 'you're controlling and possessive'. Let her guilt trip and #######4 you into letting it continue until it's eaten away at your relationship to the point where she's having an emotional affair with the guy.
(Yeah, I failed this one, badly, twice. So maybe I'm a slow learner... but she now knows damn well not to try it again.)

$#%^ test: She invites people over for the evening without telling you.
To pass: If you're OK with company, just say "next time, consult me first." If you're not, then make her cancel the invite.
To fail: Let it slide. Congratulations, you no longer have a say in the running of your own house.

The most important thing to remember about a $#%^ test is that while she's fighting tooth and nail to make you fail, she wants you to pass. During the $#%^ test she can be screaming 'I'll leave you!' but inside, she's crying "don't let me go."

Part three (and these come in no particular order) is de-enmeshment. You have to untie your emotional state from hers, and just like everything else, take control of and responsibility for it. If you can't be happy unless she's happy, then what happens when she gets depressed or starts brooding on something? You'll be stuck in a downward spiral with nothing fun or pretty at the bottom. If you let her drag you down, you'll never be able to lift her up.

The basic theme is that a $#%^ test is when she doesn't feel secure in your strength, so she tests you, hoping that you'll prove to her that you're strong by standing up to her. After all, if you're weaker than her, how can you protect her from the rest of the world? The only way for her to ever stop testing you is if she feels your strength. And if you are strong, but fair, and pass all her $#%^ tests, and she KEEPS testing you, then it's like one big meta-shit-test: How much of her crap will you put up with? If you feel that you're in this situation, just sit her down and say "you're being a heinous bitch, I need you to stop being a heinous bitch or you're going to be a lonely heinous bitch."

All – strikes me as TatteredKnight knows his limits of what he is willing to tolerate in terms of bonding with a HPD, and for him it works well! Looks like to maintain some sanity amidst the chaos some limits and a contract need to be established “up front” in dealing with a HPD. What are the limits? When you see HPD how do you strike “the contract” And when the terms are tested or crossed, do you have any other option than full exit with no looking back? Warnings, second chances? Is a best effort good enough? Tolerance? Fall back?

The word you're looking for is 'boundaries'. The 'contract' you're talking about is with yourself, not your partner. You have to communicate your boundaries to her clearly, explaining what it is you won't tolerate and what the consequences will be if she crosses that boundary. When she does cross a boundary, you enforce the consequence. In an extremely dysfunctional relationship, many of the consequences will be "if you do <X> then I will leave you." As the relationship becomes healthier then the transgressions will be smaller and the consequences likewise should be smaller - maybe if she yells abuse at you the consequence is you leave the room until she calms down, or if she puts you down in front of friends the consequence is that you call her on it then and there, "that was bitchy, apology now please".

Other therapists start out by being very direct with a patient, and HPDs might just love that! "I will be your knight in shining armor coming to your emotional rescue. You will be mine, you will be mine, all mine." – Rolling Stones). This would initially appear to be TatteredKnight’s approach. However later, once trust develops you might find that same therapist pulling back the emo support and doing everything humanly possible to rid the HPD of all dependent personality traits and force the HPD to stand up on her own two legs (albeit with some genuine empathy this time around…). Any thoughts on how that might work? Can you swoop in, do a rescue and then later (gradually, over time) wean the HPD over to more “mature” independence?

How do you think I got my username? :P My armour had a lot of dents in it by the time I signed up on this forum. And yes, that's exactly how it worked for me, although quite by accident. I was far too much of a rescuer and a caretaker, and I had terrible boundaries. Our relationship started wonderfully, I rescued her from a nasty situation and gave her the life she'd dreamed of. The rot set in when I didn't have the maturity to enforce boundaries, pass $#%^ tests etc. and I had to learn how to have a real, adult relationship in order to save my marriage. Basically everything I've said in this post, I've figured out in the last year.

Also very much on my mind - can a Non work collaboratively with a HPD effectively over time and effect real relief, or is a professional always required? Non’s have so much more contact time, and so much more live, real-time behavioral data to work from. (On the order of 100x or more!) Psychotherapists have great training, have studied disorder patterns, and have focused experience, but they are exceptionally expensive (many times not covered by insurance or subject to limits and high deductibles). Plus, a psychotherapist only has what the HPD voluntarily tells them, verbally (and what they can soak up nonverbally.) They also only operate off-line in non real-time, whereas a Non can catch things right in the moment.

Definitely. My wife never got anything helpful out of therapy. She's grown amazingly just since I started getting my own $#%^ in order. While I do believe that psychoanalysis can be very helpful in understanding yourself and others, it's pretty telling that Deida has an entire chapter in Way of the Superior Man entitled "Don't Analyse Your Woman". Following my psych's advice helped me somewhat, but the main benefit I got was learning, from his example, how to understand another's basic thought processes. On the other hand, following Deida's advice transformed my marriage. Your mileage may vary.

Thanks for the CBT info. Some solid stuff there - I'm going to try and find more to read up on.
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby newtohpd » Wed Jun 09, 2010 6:49 am

TK's right. I support his thoughts.

From my own experience (as I have also said in reply to TK when he first proposed his thoughts), I ran my HPD relationship naturally this way for almost 2 years, without the well thought out perspective TK is giving here. Then there was this one month when I was facing a professional crisis and its exactly then that I lost the plot and I failed a major "$#%^ test" at that time.

I wish I knew about HPD, or this forum or about TK's perspective at that time. But then its learning.

I am now slowly getting into a relationship with another woman after a long break. I don't think this woman has any major problems with regard to cheating and stuff. But then she's as emotional and inconsistent as it gets and I think I always end up with emotional women :D lol. So every week I get a small "$#%^ test" to take. I am amused but I pass them easily. So here's an example with this new woman:

She: (comes online) Oh I can't chat with you today, I have an exam coming up in 3 days. Will chat with you after that.
(I understand she is trying to find out how much I want to talk to her... :D ...)
Me: Cool. No issues. Study well.
She logs out.
Logs in again after 15 mins. Doesn't ping me. I don't ping her. :D
(Tries to see if I will respond)
She logs out again.
Logs in again after an hour. Doesn't ping me for 10 mins. I don't ping her. She then pings me. :D
She: I was just mailing a friend to ask a few questions.
( Its not a real bad lie. Its an ice-breaker. I know what she's feeling. She wants to talk. I will not be negative, but want her to take a step forward so that I can set a proper boundary)
Me: I see.
She: Oh I am bored.
( As I expected. I see the inconsistency. But I understand what she's feeling)
Me: Take a break and a long walk. Will relax you and help you concentrate on your studies.
She: But I want to talk to you.
Me: You have exams coming up. We will talk long only after that. Now you can talk to me once a day for half an hour.
(Setting a boundary consistent with what I think is right and justified. It should take care of her need to talk. Its also to take care that if this exam is an excuse to test me, she will know that she gets half an hour with me only, during a day)
She: Ok. So can we talk now?
Me: If you want to take up your half an hour daily quota now, we can talk. :D
She: Ok. Then I will go back to my studies now and talk for half an hour in the evening. Ok?
Me: Cool. Study well and take care.
(Boundary enforced. She knows exactly how much she is entitled to. If she really has exams, this is a justified decision based on what I think is right. If she lied about the exams to test me, she knows the consequence is getting less time with me. So she should be careful next time)
I continue with my work, amused :D She does call me in the evening and we have a nice chat.

I have a feeling that "$#%^ tests" work in progression from small and easy ones to the more significant ones:

1. First your boundaries in terms of time and attention are tested.
2. Second, your boundaries in terms of handling outbursts are tested.
3. Third, your boundaries in terms of handling "admirers" as friends are tested.
4. Fourth, your boundaries in terms of emotional cheating is tested.
5. Fifth and finally, your boundaries in terms of physical cheating is tested.

The more you fail, the weaker you seem, and the more severe tests get applied to you.

To quote TK from his post from another topic:

I'm coming to believe that what's really needed, however impractical it is in some cases, is to recreate the environment that the patient *should* have had at the age when their emotional development stalled. They need the same mix of supportive home, love, care, guidance and firm boundaries that should have nurtured their emotional growth in the first place.


Exactly. This is what needs to be done for an HPD.

But, firm boundaries and guidance is probably required for all insecure and emotional women :D
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby wisdom » Thu Jun 10, 2010 4:26 pm

One area that is frequently treated in HPD is a lack of empathy. For a specific course of treatment for improving empathic skills see the post at: Re: Are there mild cases; If so, does treatment work?
http://www.psychforums.com/post361650.html#p361650
I am not a professional therapist. My postings here are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical or psychological advice. See: site Disclaimer and Notes
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby uncleabe » Fri Jun 11, 2010 1:57 pm

I think the first step in any treatment is the acknowledging you have a problem which I dont think a lot of HPDs will.

In my case I persuaded my ex to go to a counsellor to try and talk about her problems.

She agreed to go and used the sessions to slag off me and say how badly I treated her.

There was no insight at all into her own psyche. I dont know what, why or how janey decided to seek help but think she is definately in the minority.
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby wisdom » Tue Jun 15, 2010 11:51 pm

Take a look at these symptoms and circle all that apply. Keep the numbers, after you finish look at the next post. (Will provide cites on next post)

Or just look through the list and see if anything strikes a bell - any first person accounts of what the HPD actually did that really "illustrates" is great. Or just random reactions to any item, better way to say it, etc. In total, do these cover it?

I'm still enamored with concepts like "the $#%^ tests" and details of how "the fan club" operate -- so very true, yet the flavor of those seem to be so missed by the the professional/published stuff.

  • 20 demanding, overwrought, fastens and clutches to an other
  • 15 markets self-appearance
  • 40 potentially suicidal
  • 03 sacrifices self for commendation
  • 17 simulates desirable/dramatic poses
  • 27 pathological lying and swindling
  • 28 dauntless, venturesome, intrepid, bold, audacious, daring
  • 37 others must recognize loyalty and faithfulness, gratitude and appreciation expected for altruism and forbearance
  • 29 reckless, foolhardy, impulsive, heedless
  • 12 egocentric, insincere, deceitful, calculating, guileful
  • 24 disinclines real intimacy
  • 25 indulges hedonistic desires
  • 26 bewitches and inveigles the needy and naive
  • 04 fruitlessly placates the unplacatable
  • 21 is overly attached, hangs on, stays fused to and clinging
  • 39 fearing loss, becomes agitated, and the gloomy irritable
  • 01 seeks to placate, mend, patch up, smooth over troubles
  • 38 capricious, superficial, flighty, distractible, frenetic, and seductive
  • 09 moody complaints, sulking
  • 10 precipitous emotion, stormy, impassioned, easily wrought-up, periodically inflamed, turbulent
  • 06 seeks momentary cheerfulness and playful adventures
  • 05 vigorous, charming, bubbly, brisk, spirited, flippant, impulsive
  • 31 pursues perilous ventures
  • 30 unbalanced by hazard
  • 35 self-ascetic
  • 14 postures are striking, eye-catching, graphic
  • 13 affected, mannered, put-on
  • 08 impulsive, out of control
  • 34 proudly unselfish, self-denying and self-sacrificial
  • 16 is synthesized, stagy
  • 23 glib and clever
  • 36 weighty burdens are judged noble, righteous, and saintly
  • 18 labile, high-strung, volatile emotions
  • 22 sexually seductive, enticing, beguiling, tantalizing
  • 32 suffering seen as enabling
  • 33 unhappiness considered a popular and stylish mode of social disenchantment, personal depression viewed as self glorifying and dignifying
  • 02 knack for settling differences, moderating tempers by yielding compromising, conceding
  • 19 childlike hysteria and nascent pouting
  • 11 underhanded, double-dealing, scheming, contriving, plotting, crafty, false-hearted
  • 07 animated, energetic, ebullient
I am not a professional therapist. My postings here are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical or psychological advice. See: site Disclaimer and Notes
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby wisdom » Wed Jun 16, 2010 12:17 am

And now for the cite and expansion of the prior post. All is from professor Million, Theodore
http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm

In his mind you have histrionic's of the following sub-types (by combining HPD with one or two other disorders)
  • appeasing
  • vivacious
  • tempestuous
  • disingenuous
  • theatrical
  • infantile

Take your sheet from the prior post and just sort it. If you have many of the items indicated of one type or another you may be able to pin it down. First word in each row is the Million's name of the sub-type. Since names are often arbitrary its best to look at the descriptive phrases describing that sub type vs. trying to read all those meanings from the name alone.

What do you think of this?

Strikes me as lots of threads seem to go off describing something that is not clearly HPD but might be more properly some other PD.

  • 01 appeasing histrionic-dependent seeks to placate, mend, patch up, smooth over troubles
  • 02 appeasing histrionic-dependent knack for settling differences, moderating tempers by yielding compromising, conceding
  • 03 appeasing histrionic-dependent sacrifices self for commendation
  • 04 appeasing histrionic-dependent fruitlessly placates the unplacatable
  • 05 vivacious histrionic-narcissistic vigorous, charming, bubbly, brisk, spirited, flippant, impulsive
  • 06 vivacious histrionic-narcissistic seeks momentary cheerfulness and playful adventures
  • 07 vivacious histrionic-narcissistic animated, energetic, ebullient
  • 08 tempestuous histrionic-negativistic impulsive, out of control
  • 09 tempestuous histrionic-negativistic moody complaints, sulking
  • 10 tempestuous histrionic-negativistic precipitous emotion, stormy, impassioned, easily wrought-up, periodically inflamed, turbulent
  • 11 disingenuous histrionic-antisocial underhanded, double-dealing, scheming, contriving, plotting, crafty, false-hearted
  • 12 disingenuous histrionic-antisocial egocentric, insincere, deceitful, calculating, guileful
  • 13 theatrical histrionic affected, mannered, put-on
  • 14 theatrical histrionic postures are striking, eye-catching, graphic
  • 15 theatrical histrionic markets self-appearance
  • 16 theatrical histrionic is synthesized, stagy
  • 17 theatrical histrionic simulates desirable/dramatic poses
  • 18 infantile histrionic-borderline labile, high-strung, volatile emotions
  • 19 infantile histrionic-borderline childlike hysteria and nascent pouting
  • 20 infantile histrionic-borderline demanding, overwrought, fastens and clutches to an other
  • 21 infantile histrionic-borderline is overly attached, hangs on, stays fused to and clinging

Note the following are not PRIMARILY hpd.

  • 22 amorous narcissistic-histrionic sexually seductive, enticing, beguiling, tantalizing
  • 23 amorous narcissistic-histrionic glib and clever
  • 24 amorous narcissistic-histrionic disinclines real intimacy
  • 25 amorous narcissistic-histrionic indulges hedonistic desires
  • 26 amorous narcissistic-histrionic bewitches and inveigles the needy and naive
  • 27 amorous narcissistic-histrionic pathological lying and swindling
  • 28 risk-taking antisocial-histrionic dauntless, venturesome, intrepid, bold, audacious, daring
  • 29 risk-taking antisocial-histrionic reckless, foolhardy, impulsive, heedless
  • 30 risk-taking antisocial-histrionic unbalanced by hazard
  • 31 risk-taking antisocial-histrionic pursues perilous ventures
  • 32 voguish melancholic-histrionic narcissistic suffering seen as enabling
  • 33 voguish melancholic-histrionic narcissistic unhappiness considered a popular and stylish mode of social disenchantment, personal depression viewed as self glorifying and dignifying
  • 34 virtious masochistic-histrionic proudly unselfish, self-denying and self-sacrificial
  • 35 virtious masochistic-histrionic self-ascetic
  • 36 virtious masochistic-histrionic weighty burdens are judged noble, righteous, and saintly
  • 37 virtious masochistic-histrionic others must recognize loyalty and faithfulness, gratitude and appreciation expected for altruism and forbearance
  • 38 impulsive borderline-histrionic capricious, superficial, flighty, distractible, frenetic, and seductive
  • 39 impulsive borderline-histrionic fearing loss, becomes agitated, and the gloomy irritable
  • 40 impulsive borderline-histrionic potentially suicidal
I am not a professional therapist. My postings here are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical or psychological advice. See: site Disclaimer and Notes
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby wisdom » Mon Jun 28, 2010 2:32 pm

Wanted to share. Its the digest "Treatment Chart" for HPD
from Cognitive Behavior Therapy of DSM-IV Personality Disorders, Len Sperry,
P164

If you are a Non trying to understand a HPD just substitute yourself for "clinician"
Transference - What the HPD projects on you
Countertransfernece - What the clinician (or Non) feels - what gets "evoked"
underlining has been added as possible points to discuss here?

Engagement
Quickly develops therapeutic alliance; believes clinician should be able to understand them intuitively, nonverbally, without intrapsychic exploration.
Strategy: role induction and socialization; Reflection vs. impressionistic reporting. [much more on this in next post]

Transference
Rescue fantasy; Erotic or eroticized transference. [HPDs are charming, very sexual, quickly maneuvers you into the rescue role, with them dependent on you (or so you are made to believe)]
Strategy: redirect and refocus; analyze and explain.

Countertransference
Messiah/rescue role; aloofness, anxiety; exploitation. [and that is what the Pros feel!]
Strategy: mirror and refrain from acting out

Pattern Search
[the pattern that sets off HPD, otherwise they can be extremely high functioning.]
triggers: opposite sex relationships

Pattern Change

Treatment goals: Feel less, think more; Increase interdependence and self-management [and it will be challenging!]

Schema/Character [see prior post]
Entitlement/self centerness schema
Emotional deprivation schema

Strategy
: schema change strategy; Interpretation strategy [would welcome any discussion on actually how to change those "schema". Also, see prior post.]

Affective style / skill - spectrum
    Constricted
    Normal
    Labile / Dramatic <– HPD is elevated. Superficial, over modulated effects.

Strategy: Emotional awareness training; dramatical behavioral experiments; externalization of voices [other than emotional awareness training I have no idea where Sperry is headed with the rest of this?]

Behavior / Interpersonal Style / Skill
    Ridged /Consistent
    Normal
    Inconsistency; Over/under assertive; Empathy and intimacy deficits <- HPD is elevated.
Strategy: Problem solving training; intimacy training; empathy training [Ideas?]

Cognitive Style / Skill [much more on this in next post]
    Reflective, Field Independent / Structured
    Normal
    Impulsive, Global / Impressionistic, impulsivity <-HPD is Elevated.
Strategy: Set specific treatment goals; pros and cons analysis; impulsive control training
[see Kernberg PDI the treatment "contract" established right up front. Pro/Con analysis sounds like analytical thinking 101?, impulse control training - how to implement?]

Maintenance/Termination [with professional help/clinician]
    Fantasies of a continuing relationship
    Fear of termination
Strategy: predictive interpretation; weaning, spaced sessions; Encourage other healthy relationships.
[Love the predictive interpretation - you predict what will happen in the future, later when it goes off just as you expected it would, you "reflect" them back to it.]

P 159 relating to Maintenance/Termination, fallback

Think through the following questions

    What can I do if I find myself wanting to impress others or show off?
    What should I do if I start placing unreasonable demands on important relationships?
    What should I do if I start believing my old histrionic beliefs more than my new beliefs?
[Sort of gets to the point of needing to get them to a new belief system, based on skillful interpretation, mirroring, "skills training, predictions, and reflections... Ideas?]
I am not a professional therapist. My postings here are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical or psychological advice. See: site Disclaimer and Notes
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby wisdom » Mon Jun 28, 2010 3:56 pm

This a quick and dirty study of Cognitive Style - In the last post Sperry noted some very specific things about HPDs cognitive style.

Cognitive Style / Skill
    Reflective, Field Independent / Structured
    Normal
    Impulsive, Global / Impressionistic <- HPD is Elevated.

My guess is most Nons would fall on the Reflective, Field Independent / Structured side of this spectrum. Whereas the HPDs are clearly Impulsive, Global / Impressionistic

Adapted from the following sources
Cognitive Style - Reflectivity And Impulsivity (good references)
http://social.jrank.org/pages/148/Cogni ... ivity.html
L. R. S. Martens

Cognitive style and learning strategies (Very good Monograph!)
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/l ... yles.shtml

Cognitive Styles & Learning Strategies (quite general)
Jessica Cook, eHow Contributing Writer
http://www.ehow.com/way_5208135_cogniti ... egies.html


Leveling And Sharpening
[HPD is likely a Leveler]

Leveling and sharpening is a cognitive style that represents the way individual uses previous memories when attempting to assimilate new information with prior knowledge.

Levelers

select fewer memories when processing new knowledge.
inaccurately blend features of memories together
then oversimplify the new material or miss-categorize it altogether.
can miss distinguishing features among similar, yet not identical, objects.
This could result in definitions of later knowledge that are ambiguous.

Sharpeners

tend to select many memories from the past
in an attempt to clarify and categorize newly acquired information.
more accurate identifications of new knowledge
can relate recently acquired material to old material with more specificity
may be due to an ability to selectively sort and store pieces of memories
and to carefully differentiate associations between past experiences.

(Morgan, H. 1997) Cognitive Styles and Classroom Learning

Field-dependence And Field-independence
[HPD is Field Dependent!]

abilities to discriminate events or visual, auditory, or tactile cues from their
surrounding environments


field-dependent

lack of separation between the self and the environment (or "the field") on some level.
tend to notice [believe in] the lack of structure in the environment
Can't readily identify the geometric shape when it's embedded or "hidden" in a background with similar (but not identical) lines and shapes
Conflicting patterns distract the person from identifying the given figure
Social interactions
    very interpersonal
    well-developed ability to read social cues
    well-developed ability to openly convey their own feelings [labile!]
    Others describe them as being very warm, friendly, and personable. [Ultra easy to fall for...]
Women are more likely to be field-dependent
field-dependent children learning
    do not do as well in large group settings or class [requiring independent thinking/learning]
    do not do as well in lessons that are not highly structured.
    do not perform as well on open-ended questions
prefer collaborative activities
work well with other people, and they thrive in cooperative learning activities
group projects and clustered seating [small group] arrangements work best.
Holistic
    start with a broad, large concept then break it down
    For example, in teaching essay writing to these learners, it might be best to show them a general outline for a solid essay and then teach them the specifics of introductions, works cited pages, and so on.
(Next three sections Willing, 1988)
Field Dependent (Concrete) - Information processing
    This person experiences item as fused with its context; what is interesting is the impression of the whole
    Item is experienced and comprehended as part of an overall associational unity with concrete and personal interconnections; (item’s storage in, and retrieval from, memory is via these often affectively-charged associations)
    Tendency to show traits of extraversion (person’s mental processing is activated by relatively higher-intensity stimulus; therefore likes rich, varied input
    Tendency to be "impulsive" in thinking tasks; "plays hunches"
    Any creativity or unconventionality would derive from individual’s imaginativeness or "lateral thinking"
Field Dependent (Concrete) - Learning strengths
    Performs best on tasks calling for intuitive "feel" for language (e.g. expression; richness of lexical connotation; discourse; rhythm and intonation)
    Prefers material which has a human, social content; or which has fantasy or humour; personal; musical, artistic
    Has affinity for methods in which various features are managed simultaneously; realistically; in significant context
    Less likely to direct own learning; may function well in quasi-autonomy (e.g. "guided discovery"); (but may well express preference for a formal, teacher dominated learning arrangement, as a compensation for own perceived deficiency in ability to structure
    "Right hemisphere strengths"
Field Dependent (Concrete) - Human relations
    Tendency to experience and relate not as a completely differentiated "self but rather as---to a degree--- fused with group and with environment
    Greater tendency to defer to social group for identity and role-definition
    More other-oriented (e.g. looking at and scrutinizing other "faces; usually very aware of other" feelings in an interaction; sensitive to "cues")
    Greater desire to be with people
    Learning performance much improved if group or authority figure give praise

field-independent

use an "internal" frame of reference
can easily impose their own sense of order in a situation that is lacking structure.
can readily identify the geometric shape
when it's embedded or "hidden" in a background with similar (but not identical) lines and shape
This manner of interpretation, however, is not limited to visual cues.
function autonomously in social settings
sometimes described as impersonal and task-oriented.
however, do have the ability to discern their own identity of self from the field.
men are frequently field-independent
field-independent children
    do well in large group settings or class
    do well in lessons that are not highly structured.
    perform well on open-ended questions
prefer autonomous activities
do well in situations where they can learn independently and practice skills on their own. Individual class work, projects and other assignments work best for field-independent learners
Analytic
    start with small parts and build into a whole
    For example, in teaching essay writing to these learners, it might be best to teach about the specific components of an essay one at a time before attempting to combine them.
(Next three sections Willing, 1988)
Field Independent - Analytical - Information processing
    This person finds it relatively easy to detach an experienced (perceived) item from its given background
    The item is extractable because it is perceived as having a rudimentary meaning on its own; thus it can be moved out of its presented surroundings and into a comprehensive category system---for understanding (and "filing" in memory)
    Tendency to show traits of introversion (the person’s mental processing can be strongly activated by low-intensity stimulus; hence dislikes excessive input)
    Tendency to be "reflective" and cautious in thinking task
    Any creativity or unconventionality would derive from individual’s development of criteria on a rational basis
Field Independent - Analytical - Learning strengths
    Performs best on analytical language tasks (e.g. understanding and using correct syntactical structures; semantically ordered comprehension of words; phonetic articulation)
    Favors material tending toward the abstract and impersonal; factual or analytical; useful; ideas
    Has affinity for methods which are: focused; systematic; sequential; cumulative
    Likely to set own learning goals and direct own learning; (but may well choose or prefer to use---for own purpose---an authoritative text or passive lecture situation.
    "Left hemisphere strengths"
Field Independent - Analytical - Human relations
    Greater tendency to experience self as a separate entity; with, also a great deal of internal differentiation and complexity
    Personal identity and social role to a large extent self-defined
    More tendency to be occupied with own thoughts and responses; relatively unaware of the subtle emotional content in interpersonal interactions
    Relatively less need to be with people
    Self-esteem not ultimately dependent upon the opinion of others
Note: Career tasks and job descriptions are also closely aligned with field-dependence/field-independence.
(Herman, H and Goodenough, D., 1981) book Cognitive Styles

Reflectivity And Impulsivity
[HPD is impulsive]

Impulsive

faster than the median, but score less accurately than the median
test faster than the median but score below the median of accuracy
In a classroom, these would typically be the students who rip through assignments but produce not very accurate work.
students who rush through assignments, frequently missing the correct answers.
do not consider as many alternative answers when presented with open-ended questions
more global (vs. analytical) approach to information processing
    do not identify the parts of a whole as readily as their peers.
    have difficulty with delayed gratification on tasks.
the traditional classroom favors the reflective students over the impulsive ones
students placed with an impulsive teacher score higher levels of impulsivity at the end of the year.

Reflective

slower than the median, but score more accurately than the median test slower than the median but score above the median of accuracy
students who labor through assignments but produce accurate work.
students who plod through assignments, never missing the correct answers.
consider more alternative answers when presented with open-ended questions
more analytical (vs. global) in their problem-solving approach
    identify the parts of a whole more readily than their peers.
    have little difficulty with delayed gratification on tasks
[Very cool] students who are placed with a reflective teacher tend to score more reflectivity at the end of the year than at the beginning

There is clearly some environmental influence on the level of reflectivity-impulsivity and its expression in student behavior.

Ref: Neil Salkind and John Wright

Notes on overall cognitive styles

no direct relationship exists between cognitive styles and intelligence.
individual's ability to acquire knowledge, or to demonstrate his or her knowledge in specific social or academic settings affected by cognitive styles
Group Embedded Figures Test of field dependence-independence
http://www.mindgarden.com/products/gefts.htm

Sensory preferences
encompass visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. Students who have these specific preferences do better when instruction is aimed at a particular sense...combine two or three of these senses into every lesson plan whenever possible.

Left-hemisphered
prefer activities involving logic and problem solving

Right-hemisphered
visual learners who process information holistically rather than in a linear fashion.

Final note, Very interesting!
Continued success or frequent difficulties in these abilities (throughout childhood) could affect personality and social interactions. [That is, given a pre inclination to a particular set of cognitive styles in learning -- perhaps established in the age 0-2 range -- could later result in picking courses, majors, careers, friends and social groups in K-college, which further impacts and solidifies personality and social development as an adult.]
I am not a professional therapist. My postings here are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical or psychological advice. See: site Disclaimer and Notes
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby theresearcher » Thu Jul 15, 2010 10:15 pm

wisdom-
Thank you.
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Re: Effective Treatment of HPD?

Postby wisdom » Tue Jul 20, 2010 11:25 pm

theresearcher wrote:wisdom-
Thank you.


TheResearcher - you are most welcome.

Here are a few more professional references. I have not yet had a chance to go through these but would very much like to. If anyone has access to a good research library I'd love PDFs, scans, or a fax of this stuff. I will digest and post summaries here if I can get my hands on them.

I stumbled on a reading list for fellows of the American Psychoanalytic Organization -- a real gold mine!
http://www.apsa.org/About_Psychoanalysi ... Lists.aspx
Look at the Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Reading List - Comprehensive List
and jump to the section on Hysterical and histrionic personality and dissociative disorders

BTW, I think its very interesting that this august group links HPD in with dissociative disorders.

Here are the references:

(I've read materials by Gabbard and Kernberg but not these. Both of them are outstanding authors!)

Ahktar, S. (1992) Histrionic personality, in Broken Structures: Severe Personality Disorders and Their Treatment, New Jersey: Jason Aronson, 249-260.

Gabbard, G.O. (2000) Personality disorders: Hysterical and histrionic, in Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, Third edition, Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, pp. 517-546.

Gabbard, G.O. (2000) Dissociative disorders, in Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, Third edition, Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, pp. 267-298.

Kernberg, O. (1990) Hysterical and histrionic personality disorders, in Aggression in Personality Disorders and Perversion, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 51-66.

MacKinnon, R., Michels, R. (1971) The hysterical patient, in The Psychiatric Interview in Clinical Practice, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 110-146.

Shapiro, D. (1965) Hysterical Style, in Neurotic Styles, New York: Basic Books, 108-133.
I am not a professional therapist. My postings here are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical or psychological advice. See: site Disclaimer and Notes
wisdom
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