OCPD vs OCD- The Difference

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder, or OCPD, is one of the more prevalent personality disorders in the United States. Approximately sixteen million adult Americans meet the diagnostic criteria for obsessive compulsive personality disorder—that's 7.9 percent of the general population.
Rigid adherence to rules and regulations and an overwhelming need for order and personal control are the primary characteristics of obsessive compulsive personality disorder. People living with OCPD are inflexible, perfectionists and unwilling to yield responsibilities to others.

OCPD Vs. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
The term obsessive compulsive personality disorder implies a relationship with obsessive compulsive disorder. Some personality disorders are considered to be less severe versions of a particular mental disorder. Schizotypal personality disorder, for instance, is considered to be a mild form of schizophrenia.

While OCD and OCPD share some symptoms, the two disorders are unrelated. Obsessive compulsive personality disorder has certain important differences from OCD. People with obsessive compulsive disorder are often aware that their obsessions are abnormal, but are compelled to perform them anyway. People with obsessive compulsive personality disorder, however, believe their need for strict order and rules is perfectly normal.

Obsessive compulsive disorder often interferes with the OCD sufferer's success in social and work environments. While people with obsessive compulsive personality disorder certainly have difficulties with social relationships, they usually tend to perform well in work environments.

Five percent of OCD cases show evidence of comorbid personality disorder (a personality disorder that occurs along with OCD). Interestingly, obsessive compulsive personality disorder is not the most commonly comorbid personality disorder found with OCD. Avoidant and dependant personality disorders are much more commonly associated with OCD.

Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
OCPD symptoms tend to appear early in adulthood and are defined by inflexibility, close adherence to rules, anxiety when rules are transgressed, and unrealistic perfectionism. A person with obsessive compulsive personality disorder exhibits several of the following symptoms:

* abnormal preoccupation with lists, rules, and minor details
* excessive devotion to work, to the detriment of social and family activities
* miserliness or a lack of generosity
* perfectionism that interferes with task completion, as performance is never good enough
* refusal to throw anything away (pack-rat mentality)
* rigid and inflexible attitude towards morals or ethical code
* unwilling to let others perform tasks, fearing the loss of responsibility
* upset and off-balance when rules or established routines are disrupted.

Causes of OCPD
Men appear to be more susceptible to OCPD than women. A possible genetic cause has been suggested, as OCPD often runs in families. Family dynamics and parenting styles may also explain the frequency of the disorder in some families. One theory suggests that as children, people with obsessive compulsive personality disorder were consistently punished for negative behavior, failure, and rule-breaking, while receiving no praise for success and compliance. To avoid punishment, the child develops a habit of rigidly following rules that lasts into adulthood.

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder at Work
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder, on the surface at least, often leads to success in work environments. People with OCPD require routine and need to know where they stand in the social hierarchy, and nowhere is that hierarchy more obvious than in the workplace.

People with obsessive compulsive personality disorder are deferential and polite to those in authority, whether that person is a police officer or their work supervisor. This characteristic, coupled with their compliance with rules and tendency to devote themselves to their careers often earns OCPD workers the praise of their supervisors. To those seen as beneath them on the social or work hierarchy, however, people with OCPD can give harsh criticism and seem to exhibitself-righteousness.

When OCPD creates problems in the workplace, it is often due to two causes. First off, perfectionism and a need to repetitively check minor details for errors can prevent OCPD employees from finishing projects by their deadlines. Secondly, an insistence on observing even the most insignificant regulations, the need to micromanage projects, and obvious criticism and contempt for subordinates, can lead to conflict with, and alienation from, fellow employees.

Family Life with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
At home, the obsessive compulsive spouse and parent are often domineering and rude, usually as he or she attempts to hold family members accountable for conforming to rules and unrealistic expectations. Financially, the OCPD individual tends to be thrifty to the point of miserliness, hoarding money for some imagined future catastrophe. This can create financial arguments in the family, in addition to constant conflicts over personal control and independence.

OCPD and Internal Strife
From the descriptions given above, one might think that the obsessive compulsive personality disorder individual was entirely in agreement with inflexible compliance about rules and regulations. Evidence suggests, however, that OCPD patients subconsciously want to break free from and rebel against rules and conformity, but their intense fear of social reprisals, punishment, and ridicule is too great. Instead, people with OCPD adopt rigid adherence to rules to avoid punishment, even as their subconscious minds rebel against such restrictions.

OCPD Complications
The conflict between outer conformity and subconscious rebellion is rarely recognized by people with OCPD, and can manifest itself as psycho-physiological conditions, including stress-induced muscle tension, anxiety, and impotence. These unsettling conditions are sometimes the reason the obsessive compulsive personality disorder sufferer initially seeks treatment.

People with obsessive compulsive personality disorder are also susceptible to major depressive episodes, due to stress, tension, and social rejection (people often become frustrated with the

OCPD sufferer's obsession with rules and behavior). The natural physical and cognitive limitations that come with aging are difficult for the OCPD sufferer to handle, and can also trigger depression.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

OCPD is diagnosed based on symptoms and personal history. As other medical conditions can mimic obsessive compulsive personality disorder, it is imperative to rule out other causes, including:

* antisocial personality disorder
* chronic substance abuse
* narcissistic personality disorder
* obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
* schizoid personality disorder
* underlying medical conditions.

Overall prognosis for obsessive compulsive personality disorder is better than for many other personality disorders. The deference to authority and rigid self-control of OCPD patients can help during therapy, as they are less likely to abuse medication or cease treatment. Therapists need to bear in mind the hidden rebelliousness of obsessive compulsive personality disorder may lead to a subconscious rejection of treatment, even as the conscious mind accepts it.

SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may help reduce compulsive behavior in obsessive compulsive personality disorder, and may also be used to treat depression caused by OCPD.

Long-term psychotherapy is the primary treatment for obsessive compulsive personality disorder. Combinations of medication and therapy may be more effective than psychotherapy alone. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is often used, with an emphasis on learning to accept change, uncertainty, and lack of control over certain events.

Ideally treatment helps the patient make a transition from obsessive compulsive personality disorder to a conscientious personality type (a non-clinical personality type that closely resembles OCPD). Like obsessive compulsive personality disorder, the conscientious personality type values hard work, thrift, strong moral values and attention to detail. However, the conscientious personality type is more flexible, less rigid, and better able to function than obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

While individual talk therapy can be beneficial for obsessive compulsive personality disorder, group and family therapy is more problematic. The OCPD patient will attempt to identify his or herself with the authority figure (the therapist), much as the patient would act towards social or work superiors. In doing so, the obsessive compulsive personality disorder patient distances himself from other group members. He or she may treat them with the contempt and harsh criticism reserved for subordinates and the therapy will be of little benefit.

Website: http://www.psychiatric-disorders.com/

Thanks for posting this. It's very informative. I understand OCPD and OCD more, now.

I just read a complete description of myself. Wow! This gives me something to consider/look in to. Thanks for the info!

I have just joined this forum, but I have 35+ years of experience living with a spouse finally explicitly diagnosed (privately,to me; see below) as likely OCPD. We have been through nearly 18 years of therapy, both couples counseling and psychiatric, initiated by her because I "had issues". We have finally had some success for 4 or 5 years, primarily because a very wise Pdoc knew it would take a long process to gain her confidence enough to accept medication; but, even that has met resistance as to the optimal dose.

I am responding to this topic to raise another view primarily on one point:

"Overall prognosis for obsessive compulsive personality disorder is better than for many other personality disorders. The deference to authority and rigid self-control of OCPD patients can help during therapy, as they are less likely to abuse medication or cease treatment. Therapists need to bear in mind the hidden rebelliousness of obsessive compulsive personality disorder may lead to a subconscious rejection of treatment, even as the conscious mind accepts it."

More than one professional we have seen has advised me that the prognosis for "cure" for OCPD is poor. It can be moderated, but not likely eliminated. Several have pretty much hinted to me, or nodded when I discussed it based on symptoms, that it was the problem, but exhibited a reluctance to pin a definite diagnosis of OCPD because it is so likely to result in a rejection of the therapist by the patient, because of the "hidden rebelliousness". One finally explicitly expressed to me the diagnosis, while warning that it was quite possible that seriously working with my spouse on the need to address the issues involved in the condition could trigger the "it's not me; it's you" reaction. That could lead to her rejecting the therapist. This has happened in connection with earlier therapists who did not pickup the diagnosis or were not as sensitive to the risk. When the pressure gets personal, the respect for authority is over-ridden by the "I know the truth, and I am right."

On the positive side, there has been an improvement of magnitudes because the wise Pdoc was skilled at dealing with patients reluctant to take medication. She was convinced to take a minimally effective dose of an atypical antipsychotic as adjunct to an AD which has made a big difference. The dose he recommended was rejected because she "knew" more would cause side effects of weight gain and digestive problems. But the minimal dose has made much of the day reasonable, 'til it starts to wear off.

So, know that it is a long road for the partner; therapy can be rejected, but the right med can help--if you can get a professional involved who knows how to lead to that. But aspects will still remain. You have to love them greatly, or you will leave them, if they don't leave you first because of your "imperfections."