by YasminTiaraMacDonald » Sat Mar 13, 2010 5:36 pm
The four stressors
Pain
Pavlov used electric shocks to the legs of the dogs as a part of the conditioning process. He found that if the voltage was too high, that the dog would start to go into a breakdown process.
Exhaustion
Another physical method of causing stress was to exhaust them, either by over-working them or by depriving them of food. Either way, the result was that the dogs' ability to resist stress was weakened.
Delay
A further way of inducing stress was to cause cognitive distress by inserting a delay between the ringing of the bell (that signaled meal-time) and the delivery of the food to the dog. The dogs thus experienced the Cognitive Dissonance of expecting food and finding that it was not there when it should be.
Confusion
Finally, he could use conflicting signals such that the dogs could not predict what to expect, and hence became confused and uncertain. As with the effect of delay, this method induced additional cognitive processing that eventually led to exhaustion and an inability to cope.
Discussion
Two of these stressors are physical and two are mental. Physical stressors are pain and exhaustion. Mental stressors delay and confusion. Another way of dividing them is by the methods of direct threat and indirected erosion. Thus we can create the 2x2 matrix as below.