Good question, that is a toughie.
One theory I have heard is that schizophrenia is only partly genetic or works more on probability. For example if it runs in the family only some have it, thus the family moves on and only some children have it. Another example is Identical twins. Some experts say that if one has it that the other will only have it by a 20 to 50% chance rather than 100%. So that would indicate that perhaps more than genetic plays a role.
To this day the debate is intense to what degree schizophrenia is genetic vs environmental.
But, if it does have a evolutionary advantage I can see for example as you said hyper vigilance having an advantage. Some with Schizophrenia also have greater personal awareness and perceptive skills, all which could have helped survival.
It may not sound so today, but keep in mind just a few hundred years ago the world was very different and what might not be an advantage today might have been way back when.
I to am wondering the same, I do hope more people answer. This is a great topic