by neuroinnovations » Mon Nov 01, 2010 11:51 pm
The lay-term "addiction" used to have a fairly narrow commonly accepted definition that was roughly equivalent to "physiological dependence" they key indicator of which were physical withdrawal symptoms and the necessity for an ever increasing dose to generate the same effect. This definition worked well for substances such as alcohol / opiates / benzodiazepines but did not work as well for other substances and compulsive behaviours where the withdrawal symptoms were less physiological. Nicotine withdrawal for example does not include delirium tremens (DTs / uncontrollable muscular spasms) that is very evident with alcohol / opiate withdrawal.
So, over a period of time the word "addiction" has been controversially expanded to include excessive food consumption, internet use, exercise, pornography viewing, masturbation, sexual relationships, game playing and a variety of chemical substances including sugar and some carbonated drinks.
The common factor between what might appear to be highly unrelated behaviours / substances is some form of reward even if this is simply the release of the brain's feel-good chemicals ie endorphins. This over time leads to a compulsive desire to consume the substance or undertake the behaviour either at a consistent level or on an increasingly frequent basis in order to avoid psychological or physiological withdrawal symptoms even if they are not severe.
However, the word "addition" is a lay-term defined by general consensus, it is not a medical term. Therefore in some ways it means whatever we as a society want it to mean and right now the definition is pretty broad.