by bogey_allan » Wed May 28, 2008 6:53 am
if temperature of water is moderately cold, around 68F (20 degrees C) then no adverse effects are observed in healthy people and also in laboratory animals long term (actually in rats the lifespan was increased by about 5%, see the Holloszy paper below).
O'Brien C, Young AJ, Lee DT, Shitzer A, Sawka MN, Pandolf KB: Role of core temperature as a stimulus for cold acclimation during repeated immersion in 20 degrees C water. Journal of Applied Physiology. (2000) vol.89, pp. 242-250.
Holloszy JO, Smith EK: Longevity of cold-exposed rats: a reevaluation of the "rate-of-living theory". Journal of Applied Physiology. (1986) vol.61, pp. 1656-1660.
Jansky L, Pospisilova D, Honzova S, Ulicny B, Sramek P, Zeman V, Kaminkova J: Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. (1996) vol.72, pp. 445-450.
Tikuisis P: Heat balance precedes stabilization of body temperatures during cold water immersion. Journal of Applied Physiology. (2003) vol.95, pp. 89-96.