The 4 caffeine-induced psychiatric disorders include caffeine intoxication, caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, caffeine-induced sleep disorder, and caffeine-related disorder not otherwise specified (NOS).
* Diagnostic criteria for the 4 psychiatric disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).
* DSM-IV criteria for caffeine intoxication
Recent consumption of caffeine, usually in excess of 250 mg (more than 2-3 cups of brewed coffee)
Demonstration of 5 or more of the following signs during or shortly after caffeine use:
+ Restlessness
+ Nervousness
+ Excitement
+ Insomnia
+ Flushed face
+ Diuresis
+ Gastrointestinal disturbance
+ Muscle twitching
+ Rambling flow of thought and speech
+ Tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia
+ Periods of inexhaustibility
+ Psychomotor agitation
The above symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as an anxiety disorder.
* DSM-IV criteria for caffeine-induced anxiety disorder
Prominent anxiety predominates in the clinical picture.
There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings suggesting that the anxiety developed within 1 month of caffeine intoxication or withdrawal or that medications containing caffeine are etiologically related to the disturbance.
The disturbance is not better accounted for by an anxiety disorder that is not substance-induced.
The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.
The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
* DSM-IV criteria for caffeine-induced sleep disorder
A prominent disturbance in sleep occurs that is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention.
There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the sleep disturbance is the direct physiological consequence of caffeine consumption.
The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.
The disturbance does not meet the criteria for breathing-related sleep disorder or narcolepsy.
The sleep disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
* DSM-IV criteria for caffeine-related disorder NOS
This includes any caffeine disorder other than those previously listed.
Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal that are not currently an officially recognized diagnosis are present.
* Caffeine withdrawal is listed in DSM-IV in the appendix, "Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study." Based on clinical experience, further research, and DSM-IV task force review, the diagnosis may become officially recognized. Symptoms may begin 6-12 hours after stopping or decreasing consumption, peak in 1-2 days, and persist for a week. The research criteria include the following:
Prolonged daily use of caffeine
Abrupt cessation of caffeine use or reduction in the amount of caffeine used, closely followed by headache and one or more symptoms that include marked fatigue or drowsiness, marked anxiety or depression, and nausea or vomiting.
The symptoms in the criteria listed above cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
The symptoms are not due to the direct physiologic effects of a general medical condition (eg, migraine, viral illness) and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
* Apart from the caffeine-induced psychiatric disorders, clinicians must consider the influence of psychostimulants on other mental disorders.
Individuals who abuse other substances commonly consume large quantities of caffeine.
People with schizophrenia typically consume large amounts of caffeine.
Caffeine may contribute to agitation, irritability, and, possibly, interfere with antipsychotic medications. On the other hand, caffeine can markedly elevate blood levels of antipsychotic medications, increasing the probability of adverse effects. The possible mechanism explaining this finding is that caffeine and antipsychotic medications both compete for metabolism at the hepatic P-450 isoenzyme system. Patients with bipolar disorder are at risk for an exacerbation of manic symptoms when they consume large amounts of caffeine. This is due both to its direct psychostimulant properties and secondary to increase renal excretion of lithium.
Severe depression is correlated with high blood-caffeine levels.
People with panic disorders may consciously decrease caffeine use.
* Diagnosis of any caffeine-related disorder begins with clinical awareness.
Beverage caffeine is such a common component of social activity that its consideration as a psychostimulant often is neglected.
Too many clinical histories fail to record caffeine use.
* A complete caffeine history includes doses associated with beverages and medications.
Several over-the-counter analgesic, sinus, and weight loss compounds contain caffeine.
There are preparations that exploit caffeine's alerting affect. They are marketed as stimulants or "stay-awake" preparations, and they can contain 200 mg of caffeine.
Physical: The observable signs associated with caffeine consumption are dose dependent. For most individuals who consume caffeine in the average range, the physical stigmata will include arousal signs. Expect to see nervousness, elevated heart rate, increased respiratory rate, flushed face, and an exaggerated startle response. Caffeine is a mild diuretic and may contribute to vague gastrointestinal complaints. In rare cases where an individual's dose exceeds 1 g per day, the picture changes. Gross muscle tremors, highly disorganized speech, and possible arrhythmias herald a more sinister outcome.
* Mental Status Examination
o Many of the effects of caffeine consumption are expressed in behavioral manifestations. The most common is anxiety, with its associated fidgetiness, distractibility, poor eye contact, hesitating speech, and prolonged bursts of energy.
o Caffeine's effect on mood is complicated and not fully understood. Although initially it may promote some improvement in mood, notably identified by some slight euphoria or focused attention, this pattern may give way to a chronic dysphoria. This mildly depressed state may be a consequence of withdrawal.
o Any complaint of sleep difficulty should begin with a careful assessment of beverage consumption.
Causes: The means by which caffeine exerts its pharmacologic effects remain uncertain.
A leading theory suggests that caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist.
Adenosine is an inhibitory neuromodulator affecting norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin activity.
Caffeine's putative antagonism of adenosine would increase those neurotransmitters promoting psychostimulation.
The same neurotransmitter systems are implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders.
http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3115.htm
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As you can see caffeine induced psychiatric illness is just another hypothesis/ideaology just like every other so called psychiatric disorder. There is no medical or scientific test to prove any of these disorders exist in a medical sense. Yet there is a multi billion dollar industry based on the myth of the biochemical model for "mental disorders".
I think the guys behind this scam could sell ice to the eskimos!
sadgurl
Why don't you do, what you say your going to do and stop butting in with irrelevant comments designed to sabotage the thread!