Entangled wrote:Right now... no diddy dallying...
You want some anti-psychiatry arguments?
Well, if you`ve read any of my posts you know that I`m not anti-psychiatry nor do I believe there is such a thing. However, there are ethical, conceptual and epistemological criticisms of contemporary psychiatry.
Ethical arguments(1) Civil commitment, community treatment orders, and forced treatment are morally impermissible when used against those that are not mentally incompetent or suicidal. This happens very frequently making much of what the mental health care system does morally impermissible.
(a) This could be because the use of force and coercion pushes those who need help further away by repeatedly arresting, detaining and forcibly drugging them. A utilitarian could argue that the net benefit of an open mental health care system which supports people without the use of force and coercion may be more effective.
(b) This could be because the use of force and coercion violates an individuals human rights and that we have a duty to respect those rights. A deontologist could argue that the right to refuse medical treatment is a human right with no other clear conflict. The denial of such a right would then be a human rights violation.
(2) Vulnerable populations including children, adolescence and the elderly are being given psychiatric medications which can have serious side effects for conditions that are either not treated by the medication prescribed (i.e. antipsychotics for dementia) or when there exists a psychosocial treatment that is just as evidence based as the pharmacological treatment (i.e cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescent depression)
(3) Many people are abused and mistreated in psychiatric institutions under the ``disruptive influence rule`` which maintains that anyone labelled as a disruptive influence may be drugged into a passive state, restrained or put in seclusion. The person does not have to be violent or suicidal in anyway. They merely have to upset the order of the psychiatric unit in an undefined way. Furthermore, people are forced and coerced to take medications when they have the legal right to refuse and many people are arrested under dubious circumstances.
Conceptual arguments(1) The term mental illness is conceptually incoherent because the mind is not an entity and therefore cannot have the term illness meaningfully ascribed to it. Mental illness belongs in the same category as the other metaphors and analogies used in psychology over the past century:
The mind is a machine - John Stuart Mill
The mind is made of mental elements - Edward Titchner and Wilhelm Wundt
The mind is an information processor - Ulric Neisser
The mind is an indivisible whole - Assorted Gestalt Psychologists
(2) Theoretical psychological constructs are not relevantly analogous or equivalent to diseases or illness making the claims of the supporters of the medical paradigm in psychology misleading and erroneous. The reasons they are not the same is because they are not observable or demonstrable.
Epistemological Arguments(1) Psychiatry`s system of classification sets the defining characteristics of mental disorder as observer relative qualities including deviance and dysfunction. This means that what is included in the category of mental disorder is always dependent upon who the observers are and what they interpret as being deviant and dysfunctional. The following patterns of behaviour and mental processes have or are mental disorders:
Juvenile Delinquency (Conduct Disorder)
Criminal Behaviour (Psychopathy)
Masochism
Narcissism (Personality Disorder)
Passive Aggressive Adolescent Behaviour (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
Sadism
Pedophilia
Drug and Alcohol addiction (Substance abuse or dependence)
This of course returns to the question of what is meant by mental disorder and why do psychiatrists consider the above part of their system of classification. What logical association does this have with medicine? Are these diseases? Are these people sick?
Conclusion:
(1) Reading threads first is good
(2) Setting up false dichotomies between pro-psyche and anti-psyche is bad
(3) Thinking critically about ethical, conceptual, and epistemological arguments is really good
(4) Thinking neurobiology solves any of the above problems is bad
Play me out Boomtown Rats!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yteMugRAc0